Stair construction requires careful planning and precise measurements to ensure safety and comfort. Key components include:

• Rise: The vertical height between steps
• Run: The horizontal depth of each tread
• Total Rise: Overall height from bottom to top floor
• Total Run: Total horizontal distance the stairs cover
• Stringer: The diagonal support that carries the treads and risers

Standard measurements for residential stairs:
• Riser height: 6-8 inches (7" ideal)
• Tread depth: 10-12 inches (11" ideal)
• Minimum width: 36 inches
• Maximum rise variation: 3/8 inch between steps

Most building codes follow these general guidelines for residential stairs:

Component	Requirement	Notes
Riser Height	4"-7.75"	Max variation: 3/8"
Tread Depth	10"-11"	Measured nose to nose
Stair Width	36" min	Clear width
Headroom	80" min	Measured vertically

Always check local building codes as requirements may vary by jurisdiction.

When designing stairs, consider these important factors:

1. Consistency: All steps should have identical rise and run
2. Nosing: Tread overhang should be 3/4" to 1-1/4"
3. Lighting: Adequate illumination is crucial
4. Handrails: Required on at least one side
5. Landing size: Minimum 36" in direction of travel

The ideal stair angle is between 30-35 degrees, providing the best balance between comfort and space efficiency.

Common stair materials and their characteristics:

• Wood: Traditional, versatile, cost-effective
• Metal: Modern look, durable, higher cost
• Concrete: Durable, low maintenance, requires professional installation
• Composite: Weather-resistant, good for outdoor use

Cost factors to consider:
• Material costs
• Labor for installation
• Finishing materials
• Handrail systems
• Building permits