Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator
Calculate allele frequencies and check for genetic equilibrium in a population using the Hardy-Weinberg principle. This calculator helps determine if a population is evolving or maintaining genetic equilibrium.
Last updated: 2024-03-19
What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. This occurs under five specific conditions:
1. No mutation
2. Random mating
3. No natural selection
4. Extremely large population size
5. No migration
The principle is represented by two equations:
p + q = 1 (where p and q are allele frequencies)
p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (where p², 2pq, and q² are genotype frequencies)
How to Use This Calculator
1. Choose your input type:
- Recessive Phenotype: If you know the percentage of individuals showing the recessive trait (aa)
- Dominant Genotype: If you know the percentage of individuals with homozygous dominant genotype (AA)
2. Enter the percentage (0-100)
3. Click 'Calculate' to get:
- Allele frequencies (p and q)
- Genotype frequencies (AA, Aa, and aa)
- Whether the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Interpreting Results
- p represents the frequency of the dominant allele (A)
- q represents the frequency of the recessive allele (a)
- AA is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
- Aa is the frequency of heterozygous individuals
- aa is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it suggests that none of the evolutionary forces (mutation, selection, genetic drift, non-random mating, gene flow) are significantly affecting the population.
What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. This occurs under five specific conditions:
1. No mutation
2. Random mating
3. No natural selection
4. Extremely large population size
5. No migration
The principle is represented by two equations:
p + q = 1 (where p and q are allele frequencies)
p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (where p², 2pq, and q² are genotype frequencies)
How to Use This Calculator
1. Choose your input type:
- Recessive Phenotype: If you know the percentage of individuals showing the recessive trait (aa)
- Dominant Genotype: If you know the percentage of individuals with homozygous dominant genotype (AA)
2. Enter the percentage (0-100)
3. Click 'Calculate' to get:
- Allele frequencies (p and q)
- Genotype frequencies (AA, Aa, and aa)
- Whether the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Interpreting Results
- p represents the frequency of the dominant allele (A)
- q represents the frequency of the recessive allele (a)
- AA is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
- Aa is the frequency of heterozygous individuals
- aa is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it suggests that none of the evolutionary forces (mutation, selection, genetic drift, non-random mating, gene flow) are significantly affecting the population.